The Spanish Reconquista - 2625 Words

Spain has always been a melting pot of ethnicity and culture. From the Celts and Visigoths that came from the north to the Africans and Arabs from the south to the Romans from the East, empires, kingdoms, and tribes all over the world have recognized and tried to take advantage of the benefits of Spain. War, conquest, and reconquest are frequent throughout the entire history of Spain, and the history of Moors in Spain is no exception. It began in the year 711 when the Moors first crossed over to the Iberian Peninsula, until their expulsion from Granada in 1492 which marks the end of the Reconquista, they influenced the native Iberians in many ways including culture and religion. The Moors were people of Berber, Black African, and Arab†¦show more content†¦Christians and Jews were heavily taxed for the right to practice their own religions. Those who converted to Islam, however, paid lesser taxes and had more privileges. Around 718, Pelagius, a Visigoth nobleman, established an independent Christian state in opposition to the Moorish dominance in Spain. Due to his opposition of Muslim control, Pelagius and a group of 30-some men were exiled and lived in a cave, refusing to pay taxes and harassing the Moors. Between 718 and 722, Pelagius and his small band of warriors fought and triumphed against the Moors at the Battle of Covodonga. This is considered the beginning of the Spanish Reconquista. The Reconquista was a period of around 774 years where the Christian kings reclaimed the Iberian Peninsula from the Islamic Moors. The Reconquista was not carried out by the Spanish alone, however. King Charlemagne of France reclaimed the western Pyrenees and formed the Marca Hispanica to defend the border between the Frankish Kingdom and the Muslims. Christians from all over Europe traveled to the Iberian Peninsula to participate in the reclaiming of Spain in the name of God. The Reconquista was not all war and conquest, but also the re-population of Christians on the peninsula. As the Berbers abandoned towns and fortresses, the Christian kings took their people and re-inhabited those areas. In some places, Christian peasants, monks, and nobles were granted lands by their king or lord toShow MoreRelatedSpanish Reconquista And The Formation Of Spanish National Identity1654 Words   |  7 PagesAnd the Formation Of European Cultures The Spanish Reconquista and the formation of Spanish national identity During the times the Iberian Peninsula was ruled by the Muslims and was called Al-Andalus, Christians, Jews and Muslims coexisted in harmony in the Caliphates. However, the understanding of Spain as it is understood today did not exist. It was because of the Christianisation of the peninsula and the Reconquista that Iberia was reimagined as something moreRead MoreThe Age Of Discovery Of The 18th Century Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesthem into an empire. An example of this is Spain, which not only found new lands to bring profit back home but also spread Christianity. â€Å"The Catholic Kings,† King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were rulers during the Reconquista of Spain (Burbank and Cooper, 121). Their Reconquista of Spain was a brutal war, and it ended in 1492 after the fall of the Muslim Granada. The primary drive of the war was to unite the Iberian Peninsula under a Catholic rule and to remove non-Christian people like Jews andRead MoreThe Battle Of Covadong The Final Push1214 Words   |  5 Pagesprimary goal of the Reconquista was to repopulate the Iberian Peninsula with Christians. As areas that used to be occupied by Muslims became vacant, kings brought in their own people to secure the borders. In Spain, the main areas of repopulation were places like the central Catalonia. During the Reconquista, the Christians, mainly from the northern kingdoms, used their power to create legal and political institutions. Many of these institutions still survive in Spain today (â€Å"Reconquista,† 2016). TheRead MoreThe Spanish Inquisition During The Moors Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spanish Inquisition was a court system established in 1478 that tried and sentenced heretics. Victims of these trials were predominantly â€Å"conversos†, Jewish people that had converted to Catholicism. The Spanish Inquisition was not formally abolished until 1834 by Queen Isabella II. Although the severity of the Inquisition is most likely exaggerated, it still remains a dark point in the history of the Catholic Church. To understand the Spanish Inquisition, we must first understand the eventsRead MoreIn the Devils Snare Book Report1585 Words   |  7 Pagesexamines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolated from the continent by the Pyrenees. Yet, by 1492, Spanish society experienced a tremendous transformation which allowed Isabella and Ferdinand to unify the country, secure the largest transoceanicRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1075 Words   |  5 PagesSince the arrival of Columbus to the New World in 1492, it began a new era for the Spanish Empire. During this time Spain successfully conducted the Reconquista back home and were power hungry for more land to conquer to keep the momentum going. The early explorations would lea d to bigger conquest and fortunes for the Spaniards. After the reunification of Spain with Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, they financed the expedition for the Genoese explorer, Christopher Columbus, for trading routesRead MoreThe Journey Columbus By Christopher Columbus1628 Words   |  7 Pageswhich marked the end of the Spanish Reconquista (Reconquista). Through their success in the Reconquista, the Spanish believed that they should have the rights to trade in the New World in exchange   for their holy wars against the Arab empire (Treaty of Tordesillas and Reconquista). Pope Alexander VI agreed to to Spain’s terms, and the Papal’s decision was to draw a line through the Atlantic Ocean, which he called the Line of Demarcation, claiming everything west for Spanish control and everything leftRead MoreThe Crusades And Its Effect On Modern Day Christianity Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesostracized by those of higher caste. Even Christianity is no stranger to the use of religion to further their own agenda. Christ ianity or Christians have done this many times throughout history . We saw it during the conquest of the Americas when Spanish conquistadors took ownership of the natives through the system of Econmiendas, where natives were forced to be slaves for Spaniards as recompense for being exposed to the word of God (Gonzalez ..). We even see this today, in the 21st century; peopleRead MoreIncas And Aztecs : Maize And Impacts Of The New World813 Words   |  4 Pagesright to the New World by enacting this treaty. Spain got a majority of New World land, but Portugal gained parts of Africa and Asia. 4. Conquistadores a. After the Reconquista of Spain in 1492, where Moors and Jews (primarily) were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula, Conquistadores (some of the men who carried out the Reconquista) began to crave the conquering of the New World. These people set out from Spain and diminished the empires of the Aztecs and the Incas with help from their advancedRead MoreWorld War Between England And France2255 Words   |  10 PagesYears War between England and France. However, the Reconquista, or the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula (modern day Spain) fought between Christians and Muslims, was considerably lengthier, spanning 770 years from 722 at the battle of Covadonga and ultimately ending in 1492 with the expulsion of Muslim forces from Granada. The Reconquista began in response to an invasion of the peninsula in April of 711 by the Moors. Generally the Reconquista is thought to be a 700-year of ideology, â€Å"but it would

Supplements Market Free Essays

The supplements market is significantly large and we would need all organic foods collectively to measure up. When more employees are hired to work in the dietary supplement industry the pro is induced impacts. More careers directly related to the industry means more earnings and splurging as more jobs are founded. We will write a custom essay sample on Supplements Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now The employment multiplier is the number that is multiplied by the number of jobs directly involved in the industry to measure the impact the industry will have on a region when it’s successful or failing (Kashian, 2012). In a 2012 report, Dr. Russell Kashian defined induced effect as the result of the family adjusting how they spend as a unit based on a bonus of more pay produced by direct and indirect effects. The induced effect measures the effects of the changes in household income: employees and suppliers in the dietary supplement industry spend money at restaurants, grocery stores, and shops (Kashian, 2012). Consumption analysis refers to why and how people use products in addition to why and how they buy (Blackwell, Miniard, and Engel (2006). Supply is defined as the quantity of a good the business is willing to sell at an agreed price in the business (Manwik, 2009). The market for dietary supplements continues to grow significantly. Today’s Dietitian magazine states some of the main reasons for the increase of consumers searching for the perfect dietary supplement product that includes the desire for a longer healthier lifestyle, more energy, weight control, and improved immunity (Palmer, 2010). Branding and positioning are a couple more factors that have influenced the demand and decision to buy specific reputable brand name dietary supplements. Demand is the quantity of goods and services consumers are willing and able to purchase regardless of price (Mankiw, 2009). Senior citizens struggle with sustaining the best possible health as they would like. It is estimated that nearly 25 percent of the people over age 65 will be living with diabetes, almost one half will have arthritis, and more than one third will be considered obese by the year 2030 (Tindal, 2017). The market for dietary supplements is competitive buyers and sellers. The actions of buyers and sellers will determine the equilibrium. Changes in Supply and Demand Affect Equilibrium Price What’s the economic outcome or explanation for this? An IMPLAN input-output model is an instrument for measuring the dietary supplement industry’s economic influence of expenditures (Kashian, 2012). The direct effect is production adjustments coupled with an adjustment in demand for the good (Kashian, 2012). It is the first force on the economy and the spending is developed by the dietary supplement industry. The University of Wisconsin Whitewater Fiscal and Economic Research Center reported that in 2006, the dietary supplement industry could disclose a national $22.5 billion direct-effected output or productivity. An indirect effect is derived from the fluctuating input needs of directly affected industries. They also found that indirectly, the industry contributed $16 billion while generating $22 billion (Kashian, 2012). Global dietary supplements market size was $126.14 billion in 2016 (Reports and Data, 2018). In the meantime, the global organic food and beverage market was $110 billion in 2016, fairly close but not nearly as much as the dietary supplements market. Another economic contribution from the dietary supplement industry would be paid taxes. Multiple sectors of the industry paid $10.073 billion in taxes together in 2009, including $4.7 billion to the local government and $5.3 billion to the federal government (Kashian, 2012). Consumers may even share the expense of taxes with the supplements market without knowing it. The costs can usually be tacked on to the cost of supply price. Tax on the dietary supplements and the factor of production becomes increased costs of production for the dietary supplements market. How to cite Supplements Market, Papers

The Hero Essay Research Paper The HeroThe free essay sample

The Hero Essay, Research Paper The Hero The Mesopotamian society is dead. It has long been buried in the clay of history. Its roots live on through societies that exist today. The swayer of Uruk, Gilgamesh, is besides dead. The popular narrative The Epic of Gilgamesh lives on every bit good, being passed from coevals to coevals. I believe the major subject of The Epic of Gilgamesh is the endeavoring to populate on forever. A society such as Mesopotamia would endeavor to populate on and conquer. They would endeavor to be the most powerful society in the country. The narrative of Gilgamesh is about the historic swayer of Uruk. The narrative tells that he is two-thirds God and one-third mortal adult male. Gilgamesh feels the power of the Gods, but still has to cover with the adversities of mortal adult male, like hurting and decease. He sets out to happen the workss of everlasting life. He thrives to remain alive forever. He does this with his loving friend Enkidu, until he is murdered on one of the episodes of his escapade. I believe Gilgamesh hoarded wealths his friendly relationship the most. He has everything in life he needs ; power strength, and adult female. He lacks merely one thing, friendly relationship. His comrade is brought to life by the other Gods, and the love he feels for Enkidu is like nil he as of all time felt before. Gilgamesh comes from a society much like that of Mesopotamia. We can larn many things about the Mesopotamian society by reading The Epic of Gilgamesh. First we learn something of the people who lived in the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the 2nd and 3rd millenaries BCE. Then we can farther larn that they celebrated a male monarch named Gilgamesh ; we know they believed in many Gods ; we know they were self-aware of their ain cultivation of the natural universe ; and we know they were literate. This narrative helps us view the gift of mortality and how it was percieved by this hero. I call mortality a gift because without decease Gilgamesh s life would be nonmeaningful, and the escapades that make up the heroic poem would vanish. We are supposed to experience as though the heroic poem is existent, by mentioning to Gilgamesh # 8217 ; s ain act of authorship, the nameless storyteller efforts to convert us that Gilgamesh was an existent male monarch and that the narrative that follows is a true narrative. On the other manus, by naming our attending to the act of relation, the storyteller reminds us that the truth of a narrative might lie in the really fact of its being a narrative # 8212 ; the undeniable fact of its narrative. By reading this narrative, we can see that the Mesopotamian society valued things such as Gods and literacy, but besides amusement. This narrative was passed down from each coevals, and now it is popular in our society after being discovered. We have to retrieve that this is a myth, and many of the myths that were formed in the Mesopotamian society trade with the escapade of happening the significance of life and degree Celsius onfronting the world of decease. Hammurabi s Code of Law is rigorous regulations with terrible penalties for their misdemeanor. In fact, these Torahs played a large function in organisation of Mesopotamian society. We can tie in these Torahs with Gilgamesh and we see how offenses were non taken lightly in the society. The Mesopotamian people must hold been a respectful honest people based on the abrasiveness of these Torahs. After reading these Torahs, the reader may larn about ideals the people of Mesopotamia had about offenses, their attitude to the lower and higher societal categories, and legal rights between work forces and adult females. Reading the Torahs you may detect that many offenses were punished by the decease punishment. Many Torahs province that the guilty individual has to pay the same monetary value for the physical injury one did to another individual or one s relation ( Torahs 196, 197, 229, 230 ) . For case: jurisprudence 196 provinces: If a adult male put out the oculus of another adult male, h is oculus shall be put out. In add-on, at that clip, people were sentenced to decease for many offenses or incorrect behaviors that about neer would be penalized with capital penalty at a modern clip. Among such felony and misdemeanours are stealing ( 6, 14, 21 ) , robbery ( 22 ) , accusal ( 2,3 ) , adultery ( 129, 130 ) , and abandonment ( 32, 33 ) . Hammurabi s Code besides, reveals inequality between societal categories. Slaves were non treated by the Torahs the same as freeborn people. For illustration: In jurisprudence 202 it states if any one work stoppage the organic structure of a adult male higher in rank than he, he shall have 60 blows with an ox-whip in public. At the same clip in jurisprudence 203 we read: If a freeborn adult male strike the organic structure of another freeborn adult male or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mine. It will non take much attempt for a freeborn adult male to pay one gold mine for his error, but for the slave it is much more awful and morti fying to have 60 blows with a whip in public. Harmonizing to the Code of Hammurabi, adult females had some legal rights, but these rights were non equal to work forces s. Married adult females had a right to disassociate every bit good as work forces. In fact, in order to get the right for divorce, a adult female had to happen a sensible account for her desire, and merely so the divorce could be possible ( 142 ) . The grounds of inequality between work forces and adult females can be found in the Torahs 38 and 39, which declare that a adult male, who rents belongings can non delegate it to his married woman or girl or give it for debt. Though if a adult male owns this belongings than his married woman and girl have such a privilege. Overall, the Hammurabi s Code of Laws showed that offenses in Mesopotamia were non taken lightly and were followed by terrible penalties. Very frequently these penalties were the decease punishment. The Torahs were non equal between societal categories, and slaves were subjected to the harsher penalties than freeborn. Finally, even though adult females had some privileges, the Torahs provide groundss that there was still inequality between them and work forces.